β οΈ Prima di leggere: hai controllato show etherchannel summary? Guarda lo stato (SU = up, SD = down, I = individual). Poi show etherchannel detail per capire perchΓ© le porte non entrano nel bundle.
BUG 1
SW1 Gi1/0/1-2 β LACP passive, SW2 Γ¨ anche active ma SW1 passive+SW2... aspetta, rileggi
π Come identificarlo:
SW1# show etherchannel summary
Flags: D-down P-bundled S-Layer2 U-in use I-individual
s-suspended H-Hot-standby R-Layer3 p-passive f-configured f/b
Group Port-channel Protocol Ports
1 Po1(SD) LACP Gi1/0/1(I) Gi1/0/2(I) Gi1/0/3(I)
β SD = port-channel down, I = individual (non bundled)
SW1# show run | section channel-group
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
channel-group 1 mode passive
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
channel-group 1 mode passive
SW2# show run | section channel-group
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
channel-group 1 mode passive β anche SW2 Γ¨ passive!
π§ Fix β su SW1 (o SW2, almeno uno deve essere active):
SW1# conf t
SW1(config)# interface range Gi1/0/1-2
SW1(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode active
PerchΓ© funziona: LACP richiede che almeno uno dei due lati sia in modalitΓ active per iniziare la negoziazione. Due lati entrambi passive si aspettano l'uno con l'altro β nessuno invia LACPDU per avviare il bundle. Con active su SW1, SW1 invia LACPDU e SW2 passive risponde.
BUG 2
SW1 Gi1/0/3 β duplex half (mismatch con SW2 Gi1/0/3 che Γ¨ full)
π Come identificarlo:
SW1# show interfaces Gi1/0/3 status
Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type
Gi1/0/3 connected trunk half 1000 10/100/1000BaseTX
SW1# show etherchannel detail
GigabitEthernet1/0/3:
Not eligible for bundling: speed/duplex mismatch with port-channel
π§ Fix:
SW1# conf t
SW1(config)# interface Gi1/0/3
SW1(config-if)# duplex full
PerchΓ© funziona: tutte le porte di un EtherChannel devono avere gli stessi parametri: stessa speed, stesso duplex, stessa VLAN/modalitΓ trunk. Un'interfaccia con duplex half non puΓ² essere aggiunta al bundle β il port-channel richiede full-duplex per il corretto funzionamento LACP.
BUG 3
SW1 Po1 β trunk allowed VLAN 1,10,20 (manca VLAN 30 presente su SW2)
π Come identificarlo:
SW1# show interfaces trunk
Port Mode Encap Status Native vlan
Po1 on 802.1q trunking 1
VLANs allowed on trunk:
Po1 1,10,20 β VLAN 30 mancante!
SW2# show interfaces trunk
Po1 1,10,20,30 β SW2 ha anche VLAN 30
π§ Fix:
SW1# conf t
SW1(config)# interface Port-channel1
SW1(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan add 30
PerchΓ© funziona: anche con il port-channel up, le VLAN devono essere nella lista allowed su entrambi i lati del trunk. VLAN 30 transitava su SW2 ma veniva scartata da SW1 perchΓ© non nella sua lista allowed. Il comando add 30 aggiunge VLAN 30 senza rimuovere le altre.
π§ Come ragionare su un problema EtherChannel
Passo 1 β show etherchannel summary
Guarda lo stato del port-channel: SU = up e in uso, SD = down, I = individual (porta non nel bundle). Se vedi I sulle porte invece di P (bundled), il bundle non si Γ¨ formato.
Passo 2 β show etherchannel detail
Mostra il motivo per cui ogni porta non Γ¨ nel bundle: speed mismatch, duplex mismatch, LACP mode incompatible, VLAN mismatch. Leggi ogni porta individualmente.
Passo 3 β Verifica parametri fisici
show interfaces status β speed e duplex uguali su tutte le porte? Una porta con duplex diverso impedisce il bundling.
Passo 4 β Verifica trunk su Po1
show interfaces trunk β il port-channel Γ¨ configurato come trunk? Le VLAN allowed sono le stesse su entrambi i lati?
π Concetti chiave β EtherChannel LACP
LACP ModalitΓ
active: invia LACPDU, avvia la negoziazione
passive: risponde ai LACPDU, non li avvia
on: forza il bundle senza LACP (non negozia)
active+active: β
funziona
active+passive: β
funziona
passive+passive: β non funziona
Requisiti Bundle
Tutte le porte devono avere:
β
Stessa speed
β
Stesso duplex (full)
β
Stessa modalitΓ (access/trunk)
β
Stessa native VLAN
β
Stessa allowed VLAN list
Flags etherchannel summary
P = Port bundled β
I = Individual (non bundled) β
SU = Port-channel Layer2 Up β
SD = Port-channel Layer2 Down β
s = suspended
LACP vs PAgP vs Static
LACP (IEEE 802.3ad): standard aperto, active/passive
PAgP (Cisco): proprietario, desirable/auto
on/on: forza bundle senza negoziazione
LACP Γ¨ preferito perchΓ© interoperabile
show etherchannel summary β stato bundle, flags P/I/SU/SD
show etherchannel detail β motivo non bundling per ogni porta
show etherchannel port-channel β dettaglio Po1
show interfaces status β speed/duplex per ogni porta
show interfaces trunk β trunk su Po1, VLAN allowed
show run | section channel β channel-group, mode (active/passive)
π Teoria β Bug 1: passive+passive
LACP passive Γ¨ una modalitΓ "aspetta e rispondi" β l'interfaccia non invia LACPDU spontaneamente, ma risponde se riceve LACPDU dall'altro lato. Se entrambi i lati sono passive, nessuno invia mai il primo LACPDU e il bundle non si forma mai. Γ come due persone che aspettano entrambe che l'altra parli per prima. La soluzione Γ¨ rendere almeno un lato active.
π Teoria β Bug 2: duplex mismatch
EtherChannel raggruppa porte fisiche come se fossero un unico link logico. Per farlo, tutte le porte devono essere identiche in ogni parametro. Una porta con duplex half non solo ha performance inferiori, ma impedisce il bundling perchΓ© crea inconsistenza nel comportamento del link aggregato. IOS rileva il mismatch e mantiene la porta in stato I (individual) invece di P (bundled).
π Teoria β Bug 3: VLAN mismatch sul trunk
Il port-channel funziona come un'interfaccia trunk normale. La lista di VLAN allowed deve essere identica su entrambi i lati β non per il funzionamento del bundle (che rimane up), ma per il forwarding del traffico. Una VLAN presente su SW2 ma assente dalla lista di SW1 viene scartata silenziosamente quando attraversa il trunk. show interfaces trunk su entrambi gli switch Γ¨ il modo piΓΉ rapido per rilevare questo disallineamento.
π¬π§ English version β Cisco official terminology for CCNA exam preparation.
BUG 1
Both SW1 and SW2 configured with LACP passive β no negotiation initiated
π How to identify:
SW1# show etherchannel summary
Group Port-channel Protocol Ports
1 Po1(SD) LACP Gi1/0/1(I) Gi1/0/2(I) Gi1/0/3(I)
β SD=down, I=individual (not bundled)
Both switches: channel-group 1 mode passive
π§ Fix:
SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# interface range GigabitEthernet1/0/1-2
SW1(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode active
Why this works: LACP passive mode waits for the remote side to initiate by sending LACPDUs. With both sides passive, neither sends LACPDUs β the EtherChannel never forms. At least one side must be active to initiate negotiation. Active+active or active+passive both work.
π Key concept β LACP negotiation modes
β’ active: sends LACPDUs, initiates negotiation
β’ passive: responds to LACPDUs, never initiates
β’ active + active β β
EtherChannel forms
β’ active + passive β β
EtherChannel forms
β’ passive + passive β β EtherChannel never forms
β’ on + on β β
forms (no LACP, no negotiation)
BUG 2
SW1 Gi1/0/3 β duplex half, incompatible with full-duplex bundle
π How to identify:
SW1# show interfaces status
Port Status Vlan Duplex Speed
Gi1/0/1 connected trunk a-full 1000
Gi1/0/2 connected trunk a-full 1000
Gi1/0/3 connected trunk half 1000 β mismatch!
SW1# show etherchannel detail
Gi1/0/3: Not eligible β duplex mismatch
π§ Fix:
SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
SW1(config-if)# duplex full
Why this works: All ports in an EtherChannel bundle must have identical physical parameters: speed, duplex, trunk mode, native VLAN, and allowed VLANs. A half-duplex port cannot join a full-duplex bundle β IOS keeps it in Individual (I) state rather than Bundled (P) state.
π Key concept β EtherChannel port requirements
All member ports must match:
β’ Speed (e.g., all 1000 Mbps)
β’ Duplex (all full)
β’ Mode (all trunk or all access)
β’ Native VLAN (same on all ports)
β’ Allowed VLAN list (same on all ports)
BUG 3
SW1 Po1 trunk β VLAN 30 missing from allowed list
π How to identify:
SW1# show interfaces trunk
VLANs allowed on trunk:
Po1 1,10,20 β VLAN 30 missing!
SW2# show interfaces trunk
Po1 1,10,20,30 β SW2 has VLAN 30
π§ Fix:
SW1# configure terminal
SW1(config)# interface Port-channel1
SW1(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan add 30
Why this works: The EtherChannel trunk carries VLANs just like a regular trunk port. Even with the bundle up, a VLAN not in the allowed list on one side is silently discarded at that switch. VLAN 30 frames from SW2 hosts were dropped at SW1's Po1 port β VLAN 30 was never forwarded into SW1's fabric.
π―
Exam Practice β EtherChannel LACP
3 questions Β· CCNA 200-301 style Β· answer before checking
0/3
Q1.
Two switches have LACP configured. SW1 is set to passive mode on all EtherChannel ports. SW2 is also set to passive mode. After checking show etherchannel summary, all ports show flag (I). What is the problem?
A) LACP is not supported between Cisco switches β PAgP must be used instead
B) Both switches are in passive mode β at least one must be configured as active to initiate LACP negotiation
C) The channel-group numbers must match on both switches
D) Passive mode is not a valid LACP configuration option
Q2.
An administrator runs show etherchannel detail and sees that GigabitEthernet1/0/3 shows "Not eligible for bundling." show interfaces status reveals Gi1/0/3 is at half-duplex. What is the correct fix?
A) Remove Gi1/0/3 from the EtherChannel β half-duplex ports cannot be in a bundle
B) Configure duplex full on Gi1/0/3 to match the other bundle members
C) Change all other ports to half-duplex to make them consistent
D) Enable portfast on Gi1/0/3 to allow it to join the bundle
Q3.
An EtherChannel bundle (Po1) is in SU state, but VLAN 30 traffic does not pass between the two switches. VLAN 30 exists on both switches. What should the administrator check first?
A) The STP state of VLAN 30 on both switches
B) The allowed VLAN list on the Po1 trunk interface on both switches using show interfaces trunk
C) Whether LACP is still negotiating β SU does not mean the channel is fully operational
D) The number of physical links in the bundle β VLAN 30 may need more bandwidth